Axiom
comment: Attribution is a particular case of trace (see http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#concept-trace), in the sense that it links an entity to the agent that ascribed it.
annotated property: subPropertyOf
annotated source: wasAttributedTo
annotated target: was influenced by
definition: IF wasAttributedTo(e2,ag1,aAttr) holds, THEN wasInfluencedBy(e2,ag1) also holds.

Axiom
comment: Derivation is a particular case of trace (see http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#term-trace), since it links an entity to another entity that contributed to its existence.
annotated property: subPropertyOf
annotated source: wasDerivedFrom
annotated target: was influenced by

Identifier
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Recommended practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to an identification system.
domain: Thing
range: Literal
definition: An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.

has address
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: To specify the components of the delivery address for the vCard object.
domain: Thing
range: Literal
sub property of: topDataProperty

has email
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: To specify the electronic mail address for communication with the object
domain: Thing
range: Literal

has role
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: To specify the function or part played in a particular situation by an individual.
domain: Thing
range: Literal

has telephone
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: To specify the telephone number for telephony communication with the object.
domain: Thing
range: Literal
sub property of: topDataProperty

Activity
type: Class
comment: An action or process that occurs over a period of time and acts upon entities.
disjoint with: Entity
category: starting-point
component: entities-activities
constraints: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#prov-dm-constraints-fig
definition: An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities.
dm: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-Activity
n: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Activity

Agent
type: Class
comment: Something that bears responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity.
category: starting-point
component: agents-responsibility
definition: An agent is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity.
dm: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-agent
n: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Agent

Entity
type: Class
comment: A physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects.
category: starting-point
component: entities-activities
constraints: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#prov-dm-constraints-fig
definition: An entity is a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects; entities may be real or imaginary.
dm: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-entity
n: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Entity

Organization
type: Class
comment: A social or legal entity such as a company, institution, or association.
subclass of: Agent
category: expanded
component: agents-responsibility
definition: An organization is a social or legal institution such as a company, society, etc.
dm: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-agent
n: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-types

Person
type: Class
comment: Person agents are people.
subclass of: Agent
subclass of: Restriction
  cardinality: 1
  on property: birthday
subclass of: Restriction
  cardinality: 1
  on property: gender
subclass of: Restriction
  cardinality: 1
  on property: given name
category: expanded
component: agents-responsibility
definition: Person agents are people.
dm: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-agent
n: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-types

SoftwareAgent
type: Class
comment: A running software system acting as an agent in provenance descriptions.
subclass of: Agent
category: expanded
component: agents-responsibility
definition: A software agent is running software.
dm: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-agent
n: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-types

actedOnBehalfOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An object property to express the accountability of an agent towards another agent. The subordinate agent acted on behalf of the responsible agent in an actual activity.
domain: Agent
range: Agent
sub property of: was influenced by
inverse of: had delegate
category: starting-point
component: agents-responsibility
inverse: hadDelegate
qualified form: Delegation
qualified form: qualifiedDelegation

endedAtTime
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The time at which an activity ended. See also prov:startedAtTime.
comment: The number of calories burned associated with the activity.
domain: Activity
range: dateTime
category: starting-point
component: entities-activities
editorial note: It is the intent that the property chain holds: (prov:qualifiedEnd o prov:atTime) rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:endedAtTime.
qualified form: End
qualified form: atTime

generated
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates an activity to an entity that it generated.
domain: Thing
range: Thing

generatedAtTime
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The time at which an entity was completely created and is available for use.
domain: Entity
range: dateTime
category: expanded
component: entities-activities
editorial note: It is the intent that the property chain holds: (prov:qualifiedGeneration o prov:atTime) rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:generatedAtTime.
qualified form: Generation
qualified form: atTime

startedAtTime
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The time at which an activity started. See also prov:endedAtTime.
domain: Activity
range: dateTime
category: starting-point
component: entities-activities
editorial note: It is the intent that the property chain holds: (prov:qualifiedStart o prov:atTime) rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:startedAtTime.
qualified form: Start
qualified form: atTime

used
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A prov:Entity that was used by this prov:Activity. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon, :egg, :oven .
domain: Activity
range: Entity
sub property of: was influenced by
category: starting-point
component: entities-activities
inverse: wasUsedBy
qualified form: Usage
qualified form: qualifiedUsage

wasAssociatedWith
type: ObjectProperty
comment: An prov:Agent that had some (unspecified) responsibility for the occurrence of this prov:Activity.
domain: Activity
range: Agent
sub property of: was influenced by
inverse of: associated with
category: starting-point
component: agents-responsibility
inverse: wasAssociateFor
qualified form: Association
qualified form: qualifiedAssociation

wasAttributedTo
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.
domain: Entity
range: Agent
sub property of: was influenced by
inverse of: contributed
category: starting-point
component: agents-responsibility
definition: Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.
inverse: contributed
qualified form: Attribution
qualified form: qualifiedAttribution

wasDerivedFrom
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The more specific subproperties of prov:wasDerivedFrom (i.e., prov:wasQuotedFrom, prov:wasRevisionOf, prov:hadPrimarySource) should be used when applicable.
domain: Entity
range: Entity
sub property of: was influenced by
inverse of: is source of
category: starting-point
component: derivations
definition: A derivation is a transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity.
inverse: hadDerivation
qualified form: Derivation
qualified form: qualifiedDerivation

wasGeneratedBy
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates that an entity was generated by an activity.
domain: Entity
range: Activity
sub property of: was influenced by
category: starting-point
component: entities-activities
inverse: generated
qualified form: Generation
qualified form: qualifiedGeneration

was influenced by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates that one entity, activity, or agent was influenced by another.
domain: Thing
range: Thing

age
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A person's age, usually expressed in years, represented as an integer.
domain: Person
range: Literal

birthday
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: The birthday of this Agent, represented in mm-dd string form, eg. '12-31'.
domain: Person
range: Literal
sub property of: age
term status: unstable

gender
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: The gender of this Agent (typically but not necessarily 'male' or 'female').
domain: Person
range: Literal
term status: testing

given name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The given name of some person.
domain: Person
range: Literal
term status: testing

name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A name for some thing.
domain: Thing
range: Literal

Device
type: Class
comment: A tangible object designed to accomplish a particular task. In order to accomplish this task, the device performs one or more functions. For example, a washing machine is designed to wash (task) and to accomplish this task it performs a start and stop function.
subclass of: Entity

User
type: Class
comment: A user is an entity using a wearable.
subclass of: Person
equivalent class: Patient

Wearable device
type: Class
comment: A wearable device is a device that is intended to be located near, on or in an organism.
subclass of: Device

PGHDPROVO
type: Ontology
bibliographic citation: Kawu, A.A., O’Sullivan, D. and Hederman, L., 2025, June. PGHDProvO: Provenance Based Ontology for Sharing Patient Generated Health Data (PGHD) with an Electronic Health Record (EHR). In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (pp. 197-201). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
contributor: Dympna OSullivan, Technological University Dublin
contributor: Lucy Hederman, Trinity College Dublin
created: 2021-05-24
creator: Abdullahi Abubakar Kawu
description: Patient Generated Health Data (PGHD) refer to health data collected by patient or their relatives. This ontology seeks to capture information about the data, the provenance and data quality associated with PGHD shared with an EHR.
issued: 2024-05-24
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
modified: 2025-11-24
publisher: Technological University Dublin
source: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.10.006
source: https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-95841-0_37
status: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status/published
preferred namespace prefix: pghdprovo
preferred namespace uri: https://w3id.org/pghdprovo#
label: Patient Generated Health Data Provenance Ontology
prior version: https://w3id.org/pghdprovo/1.0
version IRI: https://w3id.org/pghdprovo/1.0
version info: 1.0
included in data catalog: http://bioportal.biootology.org/
created with: chowlk.linkeddata.es

Application
type: Class
comment: A software application is a software that can be directly executed by some processing unit.
subclass of: Entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasAttributedTo
  some values from: Person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: app name
  some values from: string

Carer
type: Class
comment: A Person who helps a patient to collect or transmit data.
subclass of: Person

Consent
type: Class
comment: A record of consent for Patient Generated Health Data.
subclass of: Entity

contextual information
type: Class
comment: Contextual Information provides to extra details that help explain the measurement, like the environment, device settings, or the activity the person was doing when the data was taken.
subclass of: Entity

PGHD
type: Class
comment: Patient Generated Health Data (PGHD) a term referring to data that patients (or their caregivers) collect from home or any location outside the clinical environment.
subclass of: Entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasDerivedFrom
  some values from: Wearable device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contain contextual info
  some values from: contextual information
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: was collected by
  some values from: Person
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Patient
  on property: wasAttributedTo
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: PGHD Request
  on property: wasGeneratedBy
subclass of: Restriction
  on data range: string
  on property: data source
  qualified cardinality: 1

PGHD Request
type: Class
comment: A request made by a practitioner to obtain patient health data generated by wearable device or software application.
subclass of: Activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: used
  some values from: Application
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: PGHD requested by
  some values from: Practitioner
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Patient
  on property: wasAssociatedWith
subclass of: Restriction
  all values from: Patient
  on property: was authorized by
subclass of: Restriction
  on data range: integer
  on property: activity id
  qualified cardinality: 1

PGHDRequest1
type: NamedIndividual
type: PGHD Request
endedAtTime: 1000-10-10T00:00:00
startedAtTime: 1000-10-10T00:00:00
used: application1
PGHD requested by: Practitioner1
was authorized by: Patient1

PGHD requested by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A object property that declares the prov:agent responsible for the initializing a request for acquiring of patient Health data.
domain: PGHD Request
range: Practitioner
inverse of: requested

Patient
type: Class
comment: A person who receives medical attention, care, or treatment, or who is registered with medical professional or institution with the purpose to receive medical care when necessary.
subclass of: Person

Patient Relative
type: Class
comment: A Patient relative or friend who helps to collect or transmit data.
subclass of: Carer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: actedOnBehalfOf
  some values from: Patient
subclass of: Restriction
  on data range: string
  on property: relationship
  qualified cardinality: 1

Practitioner
type: Class
comment: A person professionally engaged medical practice who is appointed to a post or duties. [Definition Source: NCI]
subclass of: Person
subclass of: Restriction
  on data range: string
  on property: role
  qualified cardinality: 1

programme
type: Class
comment: Refers to a health plan or program the person is following, helping to understand the data in relation to their health goals.
subclass of: contextual information

protocol
type: Class
comment: Describes the steps or rules followed when collecting the data, such as instructions for using a device or following a specific health procedure.
subclass of: contextual information

rating
type: Class
comment: Includes scores or opinions about the measurement, like how good the data is or a personal rating of a health condition.
subclass of: contextual information

state
type: Class
comment: Informaion about the person's condition when the data was recorded, such as whether they were resting, active, sleeping, or exercising.
subclass of: contextual information

address
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A standardized representation of the location of a person, business, building, or organization.
domain: Person
range: Literal
sub property of: has address

app name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The name of the software application utilised by a patient and practitioner.
domain: Application
range: Literal
sub property of: name

associated with
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Defines association between an agent and an activity. Inverse of prov:wasAssociatedWith.
domain: Agent
range: Activity

authorized
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates that an agent authorized an activity. Inverse of pghdprovo:wasAuthorizedBy.
domain: Patient
range: PGHD Request
inverse of: was authorized by

body site
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The part of the body where data is collected or which a device was placed to collect health data.
domain: protocol
range: Literal

calibration status
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Specifies the calibration state of the device that produced the patient-generated health data. Preferred value includes calibrated, not-calibrated, calibration-due, unknown, and self-check-performed.
domain: protocol
range: Literal

code
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A code associated with the resource.
domain: PGHD
range: Literal

collected
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates that an agent collected data from an entity. Inverse of pghdprovo:wasCollectedBy.
domain: Person
range: PGHD
inverse of: was collected by

consent date
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The date and time the consent was issued.
domain: Consent
range: dateTime

consent organization
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The organization managing or enforcing this consent.
domain: Consent
range: Organization

consent patient
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The patient to whom this consent applies.
domain: Consent
range: Patient

consent policy
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The URI for the specific organizational or jurisdictional policy referenced.
domain: Consent
range: Literal

consent provision data
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The specific observations (data) covered by this consent rule.
domain: Consent
range: PGHD

consent regulatory
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The URI for the computable regulation or policy rule.
domain: Consent
range: Literal

consent service provider
type: ObjectProperty
comment: The practitioner or provider associated with the consent agreement.
domain: Consent
range: Practitioner

consent source reference
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A string reference (URL, ID, or description) pointing to the original source of the consent.
domain: Consent
range: Literal

contributed
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates that an agent contributed to an entity. Inverse of prov:wasAttributedTo.
domain: Agent
range: Entity

data covered by consent
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates consents that cover this specific PGHD data.
domain: PGHD
range: Consent
inverse of: consent provision data

data name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The 'dataName' property indicates the type of measurement or observation being recorded, such as heart rate, blood pressure, step count, or sleep duration.
domain: PGHD
range: Literal
sub property of: name

data source
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: An entity that produce a digital data.
domain: PGHD
range: Literal

date collected
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The 'dateCollected' property records the date and time when the measurement or observation was taken.
domain: PGHD
range: Literal

description
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Provide more information about an activity.
domain: PGHD Request
range: Literal

device model
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A unique number or name given by a device manufacturer to devices that corresponds to a certain characteristics.
domain: Device
range: Literal

device name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: A name for a device.
domain: Device
range: Literal
sub property of: name

exercise state
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: exercise state.
domain: state
range: Literal

had delegate
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates that an agent had another agent act on their behalf. Inverse of prov:actedOnBehalfOf.
domain: Agent
range: Agent

contain contextual info
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Has some contextual information associated to the PGHD
domain: PGHD
range: contextual information
inverse of: is contextual info of

has staff
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates that an organization has a staff member. Inverse of pghdprovo:isAStaffOf.
domain: Organization
range: Practitioner
inverse of: is a staff of

id
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Identifier
domain: Person
range: Literal
sub property of: Identifier

is a staff of
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Shows the institution a person works.
domain: Practitioner
range: Organization

is contextual info of
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Relates contextual information back to the entity it describes. Inverse of pghdprovo:hasContextualInfo.
domain: contextual information
range: PGHD

is source of
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates that an entity served as the source for a derived entity. Inverse of prov:wasDerivedFrom.
domain: Entity
range: Entity

location of patient
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Location of a patient during data collection.
domain: contextual information
range: Literal

organization address
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Location of organisation.
domain: Organization
range: Literal
sub property of: has address

organization email
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Organization email address.
domain: Organization
range: Literal
sub property of: has email

organization id
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: An identifier for an organization.
domain: Organization
range: Literal
sub property of: Identifier

organization name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The name of the organization where a practitioner belongs.
domain: Organization
range: Literal
sub property of: name

organisation consented
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates consents managed or enforced by the organization.
domain: Organization
range: Consent
inverse of: consent organization

patient consented
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates consents associated with this patient.
domain: Patient
range: Consent
inverse of: consent patient

phone number
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Phone contact number.
domain: Person
range: Literal
sub property of: has telephone

posture
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The body position of the patient during data collection.
domain: state
range: Literal

programme name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The treatment programme associated with the PGHD request.
domain: programme
range: Literal

rating organization name
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Denotes the name of the organization that conducted the rating.
domain: rating
range: Literal
sub property of: topDataProperty

rating score
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The efficiency rating of an equipement or device by recognized body.
domain: rating
range: Literal

relationship
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: shows the relationship of a caregiver, friend, or relative to a patient.
domain: Patient Relative
range: Literal

activity id
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Log id for an activity.
domain: PGHD Request
range: Literal
sub property of: Identifier

requested
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates that an agent made a request for PGHD. Inverse of pghdprovo:PGHDRequestedBy.
domain: Practitioner
range: PGHD Request

role
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: position or function within an organization
domain: Practitioner
range: Literal
sub property of: has role

service provider consented
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Indicates consents associated with this practitioner or provider.
domain: Practitioner
range: Consent
inverse of: consent service provider

unit
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The 'unit' property specifies the metric or unit of measurement associated with the observed value.
domain: PGHD
range: Literal

value
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: The 'value' property represents the quantity measured or observed, typically recorded by a health or activity monitoring device.
domain: PGHD
range: Literal

was authorized by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: A person who grant access to data requested.
domain: PGHD Request
range: Patient

was collected by
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Ascribing a person engaged in the retrieval of health data. This could be the patient themself, a caregiver, a relative, or a friend.
domain: PGHD
range: Person