PGHDPROVO
type: Ontology
version IRI: https://w3id.org/pghdprovo/1.0
bibliographic citation: Kawu, A.A., O’Sullivan, D. and Hederman, L., 2025, June. PGHDProvO: Provenance Based Ontology for Sharing Patient Generated Health Data (PGHD) with an Electronic Health Record (EHR). In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (pp. 197-201). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
contributor: Dympna OSullivan, Technological University Dublin
contributor: Lucy Hederman, Trinity College Dublin
created: 2021-05-24
creator: Abdullahi Abubakar Kawu
description: Patient Generated Health Data (PGHD) refer to health data collected by patient or their relatives. This ontology seeks to capture information about the data, the provenance and data quality associated with PGHD shared with an EHR.
issued: 2024-05-24
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
modified: 2025-11-24
publisher: Technological University Dublin
source: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.10.006
source: https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-95841-0_37
status: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status/published
preferred namespace prefix: pghdprovo
preferred namespace uri: https://w3id.org/pghdprovo#
label: Patient Generated Health Data Provenance Ontology
prior version: https://w3id.org/pghdprovo/1.0
version info: 1.0
included in data catalog: http://bioportal.biootology.org/
created with: chowlk.linkeddata.es

actedOnBehalfOf
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: was influenced by
inverse of: had delegate
domain: Agent
range: Agent
comment: An object property to express the accountability of an agent towards another agent. The subordinate agent acted on behalf of the responsible agent in an actual activity.
category: starting-point
component: agents-responsibility
inverse: hadDelegate
qualified form: Delegation
qualified form: qualifiedDelegation

generated
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Thing
range: Thing
comment: Relates an activity to an entity that it generated.

used
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: was influenced by
domain: Activity
range: Entity
comment: A prov:Entity that was used by this prov:Activity. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon, :egg, :oven .
category: starting-point
component: entities-activities
inverse: wasUsedBy
qualified form: Usage
qualified form: qualifiedUsage

wasAssociatedWith
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: was influenced by
inverse of: associated with
domain: Activity
range: Agent
comment: An prov:Agent that had some (unspecified) responsibility for the occurrence of this prov:Activity.
category: starting-point
component: agents-responsibility
inverse: wasAssociateFor
qualified form: Association
qualified form: qualifiedAssociation

wasAttributedTo
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: was influenced by
inverse of: contributed
domain: Entity
range: Agent
comment: Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.
category: starting-point
component: agents-responsibility
definition: Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent.
inverse: contributed
qualified form: Attribution
qualified form: qualifiedAttribution

Axiom
annotated source: wasAttributedTo
annotated property: subPropertyOf
annotated target: was influenced by
comment: Attribution is a particular case of trace (see http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#concept-trace), in the sense that it links an entity to the agent that ascribed it.
definition: IF wasAttributedTo(e2,ag1,aAttr) holds, THEN wasInfluencedBy(e2,ag1) also holds.

wasDerivedFrom
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: was influenced by
inverse of: is source of
domain: Entity
range: Entity
comment: The more specific subproperties of prov:wasDerivedFrom (i.e., prov:wasQuotedFrom, prov:wasRevisionOf, prov:hadPrimarySource) should be used when applicable.
category: starting-point
component: derivations
definition: A derivation is a transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity.
inverse: hadDerivation
qualified form: Derivation
qualified form: qualifiedDerivation

Axiom
annotated source: wasDerivedFrom
annotated property: subPropertyOf
annotated target: was influenced by
comment: Derivation is a particular case of trace (see http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-dm/#term-trace), since it links an entity to another entity that contributed to its existence.

wasGeneratedBy
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: was influenced by
domain: Entity
range: Activity
comment: Indicates that an entity was generated by an activity.
category: starting-point
component: entities-activities
inverse: generated
qualified form: Generation
qualified form: qualifiedGeneration

was influenced by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Thing
range: Thing
comment: Indicates that one entity, activity, or agent was influenced by another.

PGHD requested by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: requested
domain: PGHD Request
range: Practitioner
comment: A object property that declares the prov:agent responsible for the initializing a request for acquiring of patient Health data.

associated with
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Agent
range: Activity
comment: Defines association between an agent and an activity. Inverse of prov:wasAssociatedWith.

authorized
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: was authorized by
domain: Patient
range: PGHD Request
comment: Indicates that an agent authorized an activity. Inverse of pghdprovo:wasAuthorizedBy.

collected
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: was collected by
domain: Person
range: PGHD
comment: Indicates that an agent collected data from an entity. Inverse of pghdprovo:wasCollectedBy.

consent organization
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Consent
range: Organization
comment: The organization managing or enforcing this consent.

consent patient
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Consent
range: Patient
comment: The patient to whom this consent applies.

consent provision data
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Consent
range: PGHD
comment: The specific observations (data) covered by this consent rule.

consent service provider
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Consent
range: Practitioner
comment: The practitioner or provider associated with the consent agreement.

contributed
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Agent
range: Entity
comment: Indicates that an agent contributed to an entity. Inverse of prov:wasAttributedTo.

data covered by consent
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: consent provision data
domain: PGHD
range: Consent
comment: Indicates consents that cover this specific PGHD data.

had delegate
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Agent
range: Agent
comment: Indicates that an agent had another agent act on their behalf. Inverse of prov:actedOnBehalfOf.

contain contextual info
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is contextual info of
domain: PGHD
range: contextual information
comment: Has some contextual information associated to the PGHD

has staff
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is a staff of
domain: Organization
range: Practitioner
comment: Indicates that an organization has a staff member. Inverse of pghdprovo:isAStaffOf.

is a staff of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Practitioner
range: Organization
comment: Shows the institution a person works.

is contextual info of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: contextual information
range: PGHD
comment: Relates contextual information back to the entity it describes. Inverse of pghdprovo:hasContextualInfo.

is source of
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Entity
range: Entity
comment: Indicates that an entity served as the source for a derived entity. Inverse of prov:wasDerivedFrom.

organisation consented
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: consent organization
domain: Organization
range: Consent
comment: Indicates consents managed or enforced by the organization.

patient consented
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: consent patient
domain: Patient
range: Consent
comment: Indicates consents associated with this patient.

requested
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Practitioner
range: PGHD Request
comment: Indicates that an agent made a request for PGHD. Inverse of pghdprovo:PGHDRequestedBy.

service provider consented
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: consent service provider
domain: Practitioner
range: Consent
comment: Indicates consents associated with this practitioner or provider.

was authorized by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: PGHD Request
range: Patient
comment: A person who grant access to data requested.

was collected by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: PGHD
range: Person
comment: Ascribing a person engaged in the retrieval of health data. This could be the patient themself, a caregiver, a relative, or a friend.

Identifier
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Thing
range: Literal
comment: Recommended practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to an identification system.
definition: An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.

has address
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
domain: Thing
range: Literal
comment: To specify the components of the delivery address for the vCard object.

has email
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Thing
range: Literal
comment: To specify the electronic mail address for communication with the object

has role
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Thing
range: Literal
comment: To specify the function or part played in a particular situation by an individual.

has telephone
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
domain: Thing
range: Literal
comment: To specify the telephone number for telephony communication with the object.

endedAtTime
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Activity
range: dateTime
comment: The time at which an activity ended. See also prov:startedAtTime.
comment: The number of calories burned associated with the activity.
category: starting-point
component: entities-activities
editorial note: It is the intent that the property chain holds: (prov:qualifiedEnd o prov:atTime) rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:endedAtTime.
qualified form: End
qualified form: atTime

generatedAtTime
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Entity
range: dateTime
comment: The time at which an entity was completely created and is available for use.
category: expanded
component: entities-activities
editorial note: It is the intent that the property chain holds: (prov:qualifiedGeneration o prov:atTime) rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:generatedAtTime.
qualified form: Generation
qualified form: atTime

startedAtTime
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Activity
range: dateTime
comment: The time at which an activity started. See also prov:endedAtTime.
category: starting-point
component: entities-activities
editorial note: It is the intent that the property chain holds: (prov:qualifiedStart o prov:atTime) rdfs:subPropertyOf prov:startedAtTime.
qualified form: Start
qualified form: atTime

age
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Person
range: Literal
comment: A person's age, usually expressed in years, represented as an integer.

birthday
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: age
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Person
range: Literal
comment: The birthday of this Agent, represented in mm-dd string form, eg. '12-31'.
term status: unstable

gender
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Person
range: Literal
comment: The gender of this Agent (typically but not necessarily 'male' or 'female').
term status: testing

given name
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Person
range: Literal
comment: The given name of some person.
term status: testing

name
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Thing
range: Literal
comment: A name for some thing.

address
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has address
domain: Person
range: Literal
comment: A standardized representation of the location of a person, business, building, or organization.

app name
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: name
domain: Application
range: Literal
comment: The name of the software application utilised by a patient and practitioner.

body site
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: protocol
range: Literal
comment: The part of the body where data is collected or which a device was placed to collect health data.

calibration status
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: protocol
range: Literal
comment: Specifies the calibration state of the device that produced the patient-generated health data. Preferred value includes calibrated, not-calibrated, calibration-due, unknown, and self-check-performed.

code
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: PGHD
range: Literal
comment: A code associated with the resource.

consent date
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Consent
range: dateTime
comment: The date and time the consent was issued.

consent policy
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Consent
range: Literal
comment: The URI for the specific organizational or jurisdictional policy referenced.

consent regulatory
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Consent
range: Literal
comment: The URI for the computable regulation or policy rule.

consent source reference
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Consent
range: Literal
comment: A string reference (URL, ID, or description) pointing to the original source of the consent.

data name
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: name
domain: PGHD
range: Literal
comment: The 'dataName' property indicates the type of measurement or observation being recorded, such as heart rate, blood pressure, step count, or sleep duration.

data source
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: PGHD
range: Literal
comment: An entity that produce a digital data.

date collected
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: PGHD
range: Literal
comment: The 'dateCollected' property records the date and time when the measurement or observation was taken.

description
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: PGHD Request
range: Literal
comment: Provide more information about an activity.

device model
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Device
range: Literal
comment: A unique number or name given by a device manufacturer to devices that corresponds to a certain characteristics.

device name
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: name
domain: Device
range: Literal
comment: A name for a device.

exercise state
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: state
range: Literal
comment: exercise state.

id
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: Identifier
domain: Person
range: Literal
comment: Identifier

location of patient
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: contextual information
range: Literal
comment: Location of a patient during data collection.

organization address
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has address
domain: Organization
range: Literal
comment: Location of organisation.

organization email
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has email
domain: Organization
range: Literal
comment: Organization email address.

organization id
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: Identifier
domain: Organization
range: Literal
comment: An identifier for an organization.

organization name
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: name
domain: Organization
range: Literal
comment: The name of the organization where a practitioner belongs.

phone number
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has telephone
domain: Person
range: Literal
comment: Phone contact number.

posture
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: state
range: Literal
comment: The body position of the patient during data collection.

programme name
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: programme
range: Literal
comment: The treatment programme associated with the PGHD request.

rating organization name
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: topDataProperty
domain: rating
range: Literal
comment: Denotes the name of the organization that conducted the rating.

rating score
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: rating
range: Literal
comment: The efficiency rating of an equipement or device by recognized body.

relationship
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Patient Relative
range: Literal
comment: shows the relationship of a caregiver, friend, or relative to a patient.

activity id
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: Identifier
domain: PGHD Request
range: Literal
comment: Log id for an activity.

role
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has role
domain: Practitioner
range: Literal
comment: position or function within an organization

unit
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: PGHD
range: Literal
comment: The 'unit' property specifies the metric or unit of measurement associated with the observed value.

value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: PGHD
range: Literal
comment: The 'value' property represents the quantity measured or observed, typically recorded by a health or activity monitoring device.

Activity
type: Class
disjoint with: Entity
comment: An action or process that occurs over a period of time and acts upon entities.
category: starting-point
component: entities-activities
constraints: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#prov-dm-constraints-fig
definition: An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities.
dm: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-Activity
n: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Activity

Agent
type: Class
comment: Something that bears responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity.
category: starting-point
component: agents-responsibility
definition: An agent is something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity.
dm: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-agent
n: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Agent

Entity
type: Class
comment: A physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects.
category: starting-point
component: entities-activities
constraints: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-constraints-20130430/#prov-dm-constraints-fig
definition: An entity is a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects; entities may be real or imaginary.
dm: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-entity
n: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-Entity

Organization
type: Class
subclass of: Agent
comment: A social or legal entity such as a company, institution, or association.
category: expanded
component: agents-responsibility
definition: An organization is a social or legal institution such as a company, society, etc.
dm: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-agent
n: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-types

Person
type: Class
subclass of: Agent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: birthday
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: gender
  cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: given name
  cardinality: 1
comment: Person agents are people.
category: expanded
component: agents-responsibility
definition: Person agents are people.
dm: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-agent
n: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-types

SoftwareAgent
type: Class
subclass of: Agent
comment: A running software system acting as an agent in provenance descriptions.
category: expanded
component: agents-responsibility
definition: A software agent is running software.
dm: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-dm-20130430/#term-agent
n: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-prov-n-20130430/#expression-types

Device
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
comment: A tangible object designed to accomplish a particular task. In order to accomplish this task, the device performs one or more functions. For example, a washing machine is designed to wash (task) and to accomplish this task it performs a start and stop function.

User
type: Class
equivalent class: Patient
subclass of: Person
comment: A user is an entity using a wearable.

Wearable device
type: Class
subclass of: Device
comment: A wearable device is a device that is intended to be located near, on or in an organism.

Application
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasAttributedTo
  some values from: Person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: app name
  some values from: string
comment: A software application is a software that can be directly executed by some processing unit.

Carer
type: Class
subclass of: Person
comment: A Person who helps a patient to collect or transmit data.

Consent
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
comment: A record of consent for Patient Generated Health Data.

contextual information
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
comment: Contextual Information provides to extra details that help explain the measurement, like the environment, device settings, or the activity the person was doing when the data was taken.

PGHD
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasDerivedFrom
  some values from: Wearable device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contain contextual info
  some values from: contextual information
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: was collected by
  some values from: Person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasAttributedTo
  all values from: Patient
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasGeneratedBy
  all values from: PGHD Request
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: data source
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: string
comment: Patient Generated Health Data (PGHD) a term referring to data that patients (or their caregivers) collect from home or any location outside the clinical environment.

PGHD Request
type: Class
subclass of: Activity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: used
  some values from: Application
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: PGHD requested by
  some values from: Practitioner
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: wasAssociatedWith
  all values from: Patient
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: was authorized by
  all values from: Patient
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: activity id
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: integer
comment: A request made by a practitioner to obtain patient health data generated by wearable device or software application.

Patient
type: Class
subclass of: Person
comment: A person who receives medical attention, care, or treatment, or who is registered with medical professional or institution with the purpose to receive medical care when necessary.

Patient Relative
type: Class
subclass of: Carer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: actedOnBehalfOf
  some values from: Patient
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: relationship
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: string
comment: A Patient relative or friend who helps to collect or transmit data.

Practitioner
type: Class
subclass of: Person
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on data range: string
comment: A person professionally engaged medical practice who is appointed to a post or duties. [Definition Source: NCI]

programme
type: Class
subclass of: contextual information
comment: Refers to a health plan or program the person is following, helping to understand the data in relation to their health goals.

protocol
type: Class
subclass of: contextual information
comment: Describes the steps or rules followed when collecting the data, such as instructions for using a device or following a specific health procedure.

rating
type: Class
subclass of: contextual information
comment: Includes scores or opinions about the measurement, like how good the data is or a personal rating of a health condition.

state
type: Class
subclass of: contextual information
comment: Informaion about the person's condition when the data was recorded, such as whether they were resting, active, sleeping, or exercising.

PGHDRequest1
type: NamedIndividual
type: PGHD Request
used: application1
PGHD requested by: Practitioner1
was authorized by: Patient1
endedAtTime: 1000-10-10T00:00:00
startedAtTime: 1000-10-10T00:00:00